This sandwich-type modular cell is converted into four operating modes by combining its plates differently: CO₂-reduction gas diffusion mode, solid-electrolyte mode for pure liquid products, membrane electrode (MEA) mode and zinc-air / lithium-air battery mode.
In gas diffusion mode humidified CO₂ is fed to the gas diffusion electrode; the reference electrode is inserted at 45° so bubbles escape easily. In solid-electrolyte mode the 1.2 mm central chamber is filled with ion-exchange resin; flowing pure water collects a liquid product solution free of supporting electrolyte (Xia et al., Nature Energy 2019). In MEA mode the central parts are removed to give a zero-gap two-plate design.
High-purity titanium and PEEK construction with a 1.2 mm anode–cathode gap lowers resistance and supports medium-to-high current densities.
| Body | High-purity titanium + PEEK |
| Reaction area | 1 cm² (10 × 10 mm) |
| PEEK chamber thickness | 1.2 mm |
| Reference electrode | Ag/AgCl (included) |
| Modes | GDE / solid electrolyte / MEA / Zn-air, Li-air |
Dimensions, channel sizes and volume can be customised on request; please state special requirements in your quotation request.